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</p><h2 id="operators"><a href="#operators" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> Operators</h2><h3 id="debounce"><a href="#debounce" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> debounce</h3><p>跟 buffer、bufferTime 一样，Rx 有 debounce 跟 debounceTime 一个是传入 observable 另一个则是传入毫秒，比较常用到的是 debounceTime，这里我们直接来看一个示例</p><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> source <span class="token operator">=</span> Rx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Observable<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interval</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> example <span class="token operator">=</span> source<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">debounceTime</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

example<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">subscribe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    next<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    error<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Error: '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    complete<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'complete'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4</span>
<span class="token comment">// complete</span>

</code></pre><p><a href="https://jsbin.com/nemepo/5/edit?js,console" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSBin</a> | <a href="https://jsfiddle.net/s6323859/kqwk0yvp/1/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSFiddle</a></p><p>这里只印出 <code>4</code> 然后就结束了，因为 <strong>debounce 运行的方式是每次收到元素，他会先把元素 cache 住并等待一段时间，如果这段时间内已经没有收到任何元素，则把元素送出；如果这段时间内又收到新的元素，则会把原本 cache 住的元素释放掉并重新计时，不断反复。</strong></p><p>以现在这个示例来讲，我们每 300 毫秒就会送出一个数值，但我们的 debounceTime 是 1000 毫秒，也就是说每次 debounce 收到元素还等不到 1000 毫秒，就会收到下一个新元素，然后重新等待 1000 毫秒，如此重复直到第五个元素送出时，observable 结束(complete)了，debounce 就直接送出元素。</p><p>以 Marble Diagram 表示如下</p><pre class="language-text"><code>source : --0--1--2--3--4|
        debounceTime(1000)
example: --------------4|        

</code></pre><p>debounce 会在收到元素后等待一段时间，这很适合用来处理<strong>间歇行为</strong>，间歇行为就是指这个行为是一段一段的，例如要做 Auto Complete 时，我们要打字搜寻不会一直不断的打字，可以等我们停了一小段时间后再送出，才不会每打一个字就送一次 request！</p><p>这里举一个简单的例子，假设我们想要自动传送使用者打的字到后端</p><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> searchInput <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'searchInput'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> theRequestValue <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'theRequestValue'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

Rx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Observable<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>searchInput<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'input'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span>target<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">subscribe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    theRequestValue<span class="token punctuation">.</span>textContent <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 在这里发 request</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

</code></pre><p>如果用上面这段代码，就会每打一个字就送一次 request，当很多人在使用时就会对 server 造成很大的负担，实际上我们只需要使用者最后打出来的文字就好了，不用每次都送，这时就能用 debounceTime 做优化。</p><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> searchInput <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'searchInput'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> theRequestValue <span class="token operator">=</span> document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'theRequestValue'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

Rx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Observable<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromEvent</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>searchInput<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'input'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">debounceTime</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> e<span class="token punctuation">.</span>target<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">subscribe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    theRequestValue<span class="token punctuation">.</span>textContent <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 在这里发 request</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

</code></pre><p><a href="https://jsbin.com/nemepo/2/edit?js,output" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSBin</a> | <a href="https://jsfiddle.net/s6323859/kqwk0yvp/2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSFiddle</a></p><p>这里建议大家到 JSBin 亲手试试，可以把 <code>debounceTime(300)</code> 注解掉，看看前后的差异。</p><h3 id="throttle"><a href="#throttle" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> throttle</h3><p>基本上每次看到 debounce 就会看到 throttle，他们两个的作用都是要降低事件的触发频率，但行为上有很大的不同。</p><p>跟 debounce 一样 RxJS 有 throttle 跟 throttleTime 两个方法，一个是传入 observable 另一个是传入毫秒，比较常用到的也是 throttleTime，让我们直接来看示例</p><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> source <span class="token operator">=</span> Rx<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Observable<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">interval</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">take</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> example <span class="token operator">=</span> source<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">throttleTime</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

example<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">subscribe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    next<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    error<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Error: '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    complete<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'complete'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 0</span>
<span class="token comment">// 4</span>
<span class="token comment">// complete</span>

</code></pre><p><a href="https://jsbin.com/nemepo/6/edit?js,console" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSBin</a> | <a href="https://jsfiddle.net/s6323859/kqwk0yvp/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JSFiddle</a></p><p>跟 debounce 的不同是 throttle 会先开放送出元素，等到有元素被送出就会沉默一段时间，等到时间过了又会开放发送元素。</p><p>throttle 比较像是控制行为的最高频率，也就是说如果我们设定 <strong>1000 毫秒</strong>，那该事件频率的最大值就是<strong>每秒触发一次</strong>不会再更快，debounce 则比较像是必须等待的时间，要等到一定的时间过了才会收到元素。</p><p>throttle 更适合用在<strong>连续性行为</strong>，比如说 UI 动画的运算过程，因为 UI 动画是连续的，像我们之前在做拖拉时，就可以加上 <code>throttleTime(12)</code> 让 mousemove event 不要发送的太快，避免画面更新的速度跟不上样式的切换速度。</p><blockquote><p>浏览器有一个 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-TW/docs/Web/API/Window.requestAnimationFrame" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">requestAnimationFrame</a> API 是专门用来优化 UI 运算的，通常用这个的效果会比 throttle 好，但并不是绝对还是要看最终效果。</p></blockquote><blockquote><p>RxJS 也能用 requestAnimationFrame 做优化，而且使用方法很简单，这个部份会在 Scheduler 提到。</p></blockquote><h2 id="今日小结"><a href="#今日小结" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> 今日小结</h2><p>今天介绍了两个非常实用的方法，可以帮我们做程式的性能优化，而且使用方式非常的简单，不知道读者有没有收获？ 如果有任何问题，欢迎在下方留言给我，谢谢。</p></div></div></div><div class="v-card__actions"><div class="flex xs12"><a href="/BLOG/tags/RXJS"><span tabindex="0" class="v-chip capitalize chip-tag v-chip--label v-chip--small"><span class="v-chip__content">RXJS</span></span></a></div></div></article></div><div class="flex text-xs-left xs6"><a href="/BLOG/posts/rxjs15.html" class="post-nav v-btn v-btn--flat v-btn--router"><div class="v-btn__content"><div class="grey--text"><i class="fa mr-1 fa-chevron-left"></i>Prev</div><div class="title mt-1 primary--text hidden-xs-only">15 Observable Operators - distinct, distinctUntilChanged</div></div></a></div><div class="flex text-xs-right xs6"><a href="/BLOG/posts/rxjs13.html" class="post-nav v-btn v-btn--flat v-btn--router"><div class="v-btn__content"><div class="grey--text">Next
          <i class="fa ml-1 fa-chevron-right"></i></div><div class="title mt-1 primary--text hidden-xs-only">13 Observable Operator - delay, delayWhen</div></div></a></div><div class="flex mt-3 xs12"><div class="v-card" style="height:undefined;"><div class="v-card__title"><span class="headline">Comment</span></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="v-footer blog-footer darken-1 mt-3 theme--dark" style="height:auto;"><div class="primary--text text--lighten-4 text-xs-center py-3 v-card v-card--flat v-card--tile primary" style="height:undefined;"><div class="v-card__text pb-0">博客内容遵循 <a rel="license noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.zh" target="_blank">知识共享 署名 - 非商业性 - 相同方式共享 4.0 国际协议</a></div><div class="v-card__text pt-0 mt-1"><span>訾绍飞 © 2015 - 2018</span><span><!---->
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